It is a 2D simulator based on a finite difference approximation to Laplace's Equation. Online VHF UHF. The transmission line geometries are cross sections and the values calculated are the inductance per unit length. TX-LINE software enables users to enter either physical or electrical characteristics for common transmission mediums:. It is based on transcalc's latest CVS version with some minor fixes incorporated. A transmission line speaker calculator is a tool, often digital, which assists in determining the ideal length of a speaker's transmission line. Propagation delay is how long it takes a signal to travel over a network from its sender to its receiver. 60. Narrow Trace Over Plane. The result also depends on the length and phase propagation constant of the line. A quarter wave transformer is used to match two transmission lines with different impedances. It is used to design and fabricate RF and microwave components such as directional coupler, power divider/combiner, filter, microstrip patch antenna, MMIC etc. The input impedance of a transmission line with arbitrary terminating impedance is zL = ZL Z0 0 = zL − 1 zL 1 = ∣ ∣ e j L = 2 f c r = 2 r Z ¿ = Z0 1 e −2 j L 1− e −2 j L We will use the Smith Chart to ease the calculation of this complex quantity. = √ (25 x 10 -3 /15 x 10 -4) Z0 = 4. The measured impedance of the real transmission line starts high and drops as we goThe calculator shown below uses Wadell’s equations for differential impedance, which can be found in the seminal textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. In this measurement, a voltage source is used to excite Port 1 and the received signal at. The Coplanar Transmission Line Calculator is a valuable tool used in electrical engineering to determine the characteristic impedance of a specific transmission line. A microstrip line is a microwave transmission line composed of a single conductor strip supported on a dielectric substrate. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory: Transmission Line Impedance Calculator. A rule-of-thumb for transmission line “shortness” is that the line must be at least 1/4. The transmission line structure also affects the signal speed. In the field of electrical engineering, it's important to calculate the terminal voltage to analyse the transmission lines characteristics. The calculator uses well known closed form equations to determine impedance and. Transfer Capability Enhancement of Transmission Line Using Static VAR Compenstator. or any device with a web browser. Determine the Dimensions of your Speaker Box based on the Calculated Volume. R w = Terminating resistance between two. H. Keep in mind that the conversions only hold exactly at one frequency, ω. The other. Overview: This is a calculator for designing a Single Fold Off-Axis Transmission Line Enclosure. This can be set to zero, but the calculated loss will not include conductor losses. Gain Uncertainty due to Mismatch Calculator. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. Dielectric Constant ε r Propagation speed (cm/nsec) Delay time per unit length (ps/cm) Polyimide 2. 2: A broadband RF balun as coupled lines wound around a ferrite core: (a) physical realization (the wires 1– 2 and 3– 4 form a single transmission line); (b) equivalent circuit using a wire-wound transformer (the number of primary and secondary windings are equal); and (c) packaged as a module (Model TM1-9 with a. This book chapter presents Smith chart instruments which are purely mechanical in operation, and are thus more analogous to the ordinary logarithmic-scaled slide rule. It is suitable for the production of flat structure transmission lines of microwave integrated circuits. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with a specific desired characteristic impedance Zc and made of parallel square stock conductors of a given side length d. HFSS Waveport Size Calculator Figure out the correct waveport size to use in HFSS for a microstrip line feed. –Smith Chart and Tx-Line • A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance Z 0 = 100 and length ℓ= 0. This was based on several factors: It gives a reference for its equations (“Transmission Line Design Handbook by Brian C. Solution. Aiming at the lumped-circuits model of the lossless transmission line in the digital simulation, the article discusses and analyzes the unit step response generation of the lumped-circuits model by comparing the numerical simulation results of the implicit trapezoidal method, the implicit Euler method, and a multi-step formula. Of course this is not unique to transmission lines; the dip is also an issue for tapped horns and back loaded horns. This web page allows you to calculate the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. This tool helps you create a matching circuit so that optimal power transfer occurs between unmatched loads. Johnson, McGraw-Hill 1963 p155. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. The effect of a short discontinuity in transmission line characteristic impedance. Get up-to-date information on products and solutions by opting in to receive emails from us. Free. We will specify these quantities on a per-unit-length basis. Understanding coax can be helpful when working with it. The first term of the equation is identical to the equation for a parabolic curve. It is composed simply of a discrete insulated wire spaced a fixed distance over a ground plane. A tool perform calculations on the concepts and applications for Transmission Lines calculations. Z PU = Per Unit Impedance. Basic Appl. XLINE - This Windows program is another implementation of the Transmission Line Equations for the Windows environment, similar to TLE or SWAVE programs, above. 60 Hz. 2. The formulas for calculating the signal speed on a PCB are given below: Where: Select the box with the transmission geometry that you would like to evaluate. Transmission-Line Calculator. Visit page. In radio technology, crosstalk is a phenomenon wherein a signal in a conductor jumps to an adjacent conductor. co. This voltage is the integral of the electric field between the plates: [Math Processing Error] since [Math Processing Error] is a constant. This video demonstrates the use of the transmission line calculator. Twisted Pair Impedance (Transmission Line) Calculator. Circuit models can be used to approximate coupling. 73Ω (2) (2) Z 0 = μ 0 ϵ 0. , 142 (September 1995) 481-486. In electrical engineering, a transmission line is a specialized cable or other structure designed to. Equation (12. The transmission line design and routing utilities in Altium Designer give you the complete package: an advanced calculator, a powerful routing engine, and an. The generalized lumped-element model of a transmission line can be used to calculate characteristic impedance, phase velocity, and both parts of the propagation constant (phase and attenuation). 048 x dT0. But, for a practical system. We will assume here that both of the lines of the pair are identical and uniform. Also please provide clear definition of all. First described by Paul Voigt in 1930, TQWT/QWT uses like a transmission line design pipe lenght of 1/4 wavelenght of driver's resonance frequency. Transmission line loss calculator. The transmission-line equations enable us to discuss the wave propagation phenomena along an arrangement of two parallel conductors having uniform cross section in terms of circuit quantities instead of in terms of field quantities. The dimensions of some of the. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident. I m working as a electrical engineer in transmission line field about 33kv and 220 kv. Capacitance per unit length of the lumped transmission. 2- For a 50 ohm lossless transmission line terminated in a load impedance ZL=100 + j50 ohm, determine the fraction of the average incident power reflected by the load. This is read from the point where the circle you drew intersects the Re{ Z N} = 1 circle. At low frequencies near 0 GHz, the input impedance is inductive since. Calculates the characteristic impedance and per-unit-length inductance, capacitance, resistance and attenuation of transmission line geometries. zo depends upon the geometry and the material of the transmission line. By inputting the dielectric constant and height of your PCB, a graph appears displaying the relationship between the gap and width of the. μr μ r = relative permeability. Introduction. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with a specific desired characteristic impedance Zc and made of parallel circular conductors of. A quarter wave transformer is used to match two transmission lines with different impedances. Ruling Span of transmission line Calculator; Angle of loading of conductor of a transmission line Calculator; Wind Pressure on transmission line Calculator; Tension in Transmission line Calculator; Sag of Transmission Line with supports at different heights Calculator; Sag of Transmission Line with supports at same height CalculatorThe transmission line equations of (5) are valid for any two-conductor structure of arbitrary shape in the transverse (xy) plane but whose cross-sectional area does not change along its axis in the (z) direction. To behave similarly, the reactance of the tank inductor will be equal to 4/ π times the line impedance. These equations are relatively simple compared to other transmission line geometries, comprising only 2 interrelated equations for the microstrip impedance. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. This tool can calculate several critical parameters like unit length that describe your traces for different arrangements, including microstrips, embedded. Microstrip Transmission Line Models. The article postulated that energy from the rear of a driver unit could be essentially absorbed, without damping the cone's motion or superimposing internal reflections and resonance, so. Assume microstrip line for which propagation occurs with wavelength 60% that of free space. This video demonstrates the. Access Rogers' calculators, literature, technical papers and request samples on your smart phone or tablet through the ROG mobile app. This type of transmission line is frequently encountered as a feed line on antenna booms, especially with log-periodic dipole arrays. 8. Simons, "Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems", Wiley. Frequency span ±. There are two general PCB trace structures [note*]: stripline and microstrip. The impedance calculator in Altium Designer integrates with your PCB layer stack design tool and can calculate impedance for many transmission line geometries, including coplanar. The Pasternack wavelength calculator Transverse Electromagnetic Mode (TEM) allows you to determine the wavelength (in millimeters) inside a rectangular waveguide. Understanding coax can be helpful when working with it. School of Engineering 6. Parallel Circular Conductor Transmission Line Calculator - Design a parallel circular wire balanced transmission line with this online calculator. Coplanar Waveguide With Ground Characteristic Impedance Calculator. Wr is a correction factor defined as Wr = W + 1. Perhaps the most common type of transmission line is the coax. 7. The transmission line parameter calculator is a tool designated to compute characteristic line parameters give the type of the conductor and the configuration of a three-phase. The Sierra Circuits Impedance Calculator uses the 2D numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations for PCB transmission lines. You can unsubscribe at any time. 1. What this means is that the center point of the chart now represents 50 +j 0 ohms–a pure resis-tance equal to the characteristic impedance of the line. +62 31 8914627 / Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Design a transmission line segment that matches 300 Ω to 50 Ω at 10 GHz using a quarter-wave match. Coax Impedance (Transmission Line) Calculator. It is only equal to double the characteristic impedance in certain cases. When the transmission line is terminated in a resistance=R, the injected step input on reaching the end of the transmission line is met by a constant impedance=resistance R at that instant. Edit By FormCoaxial Cable Impedance Calculator. Wire Over Plane. Such a microstrip is constructed with two traces referenced to the same reference plane with a dielectric material between them. 4. 1. The only adjustable parameter is R90, or the radius of the 90 segments. High mismatch loss means high reflected power, so. Access technical papers, white papers, calculators, tools and more for circuit laminates, prepreg and bonding materials. For a true TEM line, the metal is assumed to be an ideal conductor of infinite conductivity, and it is. Reply. 3 relates the RLGC transmission line model to the properties of a medium. Assuming that we want to maximize the coupling onto port 3 (at design frequency ω 0), we find from the expression above that this is accomplished if we set β 0A such that: cotβ 0A=0 Which occurs when the line length is set to: 0 0 2 4 βAA=⇒=π λThe characteristic impedance (Z 0) of a transmission line is the resistance it would exhibit if it were infinite in length. Frequency: Frequency at which the stripline is analyzed or. 1. Pasternack's RF Calculators and Conversions section provides engineers valuable and easy-to-use tools ranging from complex mathematical formulas to simple conversions. Vehicle speed in MPH. February 5, 2012 by Rolf Ostergaard. These calculators will be useful for everyone and save time with the complex procedure involved to obtain the calculation results. The application was somewhat inspired by transcalc by Claudio Girardi and Gopal Narayanan. 44 x A0. 2 | TRANSMISSION LINE CALCULATOR About the Transmission Line Calculator Transmission lines are used to guide waves of alternating current and voltage at radio frequencies and have been used for more than 150 years, starting with the first telegraph cables in the 1850s. The delay between a network that uses a satellite will take hundreds of milliseconds, as the signal has to travel from Earth to. Microstrip line variants Types and basics of Microstrip line RF Terms-Useful for RF design and testing. Kenneth L. The user only needs to enter the attenuation in decibels (dB) and the given characteristic impedance of the transmission lines to be matched. Quarter-wave impedance transformer placed between a transmission line with impedance Z0 and load with impedance ZL. Two conductors can create a transmission line. Calculate the Transmission Line impedance Z0 for a large variety of mechanical structures. The below step by step solved example problem may helpful for users to understand how the input values are being used in such calculations to find the lossless transmission line surge or characteristic impedance Z 0. The two-wire transmission lines are very simple, low cost and easy to maintain over short distances and these lines are used up to 100 MHz The another name of an open-wire transmission line is a parallel wire transmission line. A Simpler Approximation At the lowest frequencies, there is another ideal electrical circuit element that can be used to approximate the impedance of a real, physical transmission line. With this input, the transmission line calculation tool initially used by our client determined the coplanar gap to be 3 mils. A transmission line, in the general sense, has a characteristic impedance, which can be calculated in various ways, or which can be measured. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. Wavelength is a wave between any two points. 3. Ⅰ IntroductionA potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. Transmission Line Parameter Calculator. Overview. This video demonstrates the use of the transmission line calculator. Instructions. The Smith chart is essentially a graphical calculator for solving transmission line problems. 5 16-19 53 - 62. The software also has some capabilities for predicting transmission line losses as well. For more advanced calculations involving S-parameter extraction, Altium Designer users can use the EDB Exporter extension to import their. Here is how we can calculate the propagation delay from the trace length and vice versa: Where: Vis the signal speed in the transmission line; In a vacuum or through the air, it equals 85 picoseconds/inch (ps/in). Users need only specify the material properties for. Coaxial Cable Impedance Calculator. The construction of these transmission lines requires large amounts of. Enclosure Design Procedure. Dielectric loss is lower in a CPW line than in a microstrip line as the electric field lines are evenly divided between the air and dielectric, whereas with a microstrip line most of the field is concentrated in the dielectric. Often when working with wires it is easy to create large return path loops if one is not paying close attention. The transmission line system is a "direct radiator" alignment that is designed to use the 1/4 wave resonances in a waveguide to enhance and extend its useful range of operation. Design, development and small scale manufacture of simple RF and Audio items. Equation 3. The physical configuration and properties of all the components determines the characteristic impedance, distortion, transmission speed, and loss. A Microstrip is a type of electrical transmission line used to transmit RF signals and are commonly fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Target Value =The String Efficiency Calculator is a handy tool that aids in understanding the efficiency of a string in a transmission line. This is a calculator for designing a Single Fold On-Axis Transmission Line Enclosure. It is possible to ascertain the relevant behaviors of a transmission line using elementary circuit theory applied to a differential-length lumped-element model of the transmission line. Misunderstanding VSWR misleads. It simplifies the sag tension calculation process by automatically performing the required calculations based on the input data. The nice part about coax is that it can be bent and flexible unlike most pcb transmission lines. Modelling practical transmission lines. 1: 300-to- 50 Ω match using an quarter-wave section of line. R = Zo (K + 1/K) Where, K2 = P3 / P2; (P3 - power at port 3) (P2 - power at port 2). Antenna Downtilt Angle Calculator. 6 on a resistance circle means a resistance of 1. 1. A calculator of this type has been constructed to facilitate the solution of transmission -line problems, and is shown in Fig. Most RF Coaxial Cables have an impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms. . This parameter is used for the loss calculations. Transmission Line Details by Dan AC6LA. Antenna Modelling with Numerical Electromagnetic Code. frequencies and have been used for more than 150 years, starting with the first telegraph. 4. Parameters: Results: Line Type:. The frequency dependence is shown in the form of the line length being a multiple of wavelength. An extension of the "calculator" originally published in ELECTRONICS in January 1939. The function of a TL is to transport power from sources to loads with minimal loss. Ω/mΩ/in. **Note: Like our microstrip line impedance. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) are required. A two part calculator which gives ideal and preferred value resistors, showing most formulas used and a link to the others. Quarter-wave impedance transformer placed between a transmission line with impedance Z0 and load with impedance ZL. 1 to 100 MHz or 1 to 1000 MHz. Figure 2—These are the most common types of transmission lines you’ll encounter in ham applications. Waveguides are. A twisted-pair cable is simply two wires that are twisted together so as to reduce radiated EMI (electromagnetic interference) and mitigate the effects of received EMI. This length is crucial to achieve the desired resonant frequency for a speaker system, ensuring optimal sound quality and performance. = 2π/15 x 10 3. (L) and (C) are the inductance and capacitance per unit length as would be calculated in the quasi-static limits. HF Antenna Trimming Chart. The transmission line geometries are cross sections and the values calculated are the inductance per unit length. This is a required field. With PCBWay impedance calculator, you can calculate the approximate impedance of your PCB / high frequency circuit board. Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of. This not only ensures optimum functionality of your board but also speeds up the design process. All the math involved is well explained and documented by Dan AC6LA on his site. If the dielectric constant of the material is not known, you can choose to put in the velocity of. Set Parameters as Desired. Imperial. The plots show the magnitude and phase of the input impedance. This can be set to zero, but the calculated loss will not include conductor losses. You need to enter the substrate parameters (dielectric constant and height), the frequency of interest, and the physical parameters (width and length) of the microstrip line. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a microstrip - a flat conductor suspended over a ground plane with a dielectric between them (see diagram below). Calculate the Effect of Additional Mass on the Thiele-Small Parameters. Even more exotic and rare in the audio. We define the characteristic impedance of a transmission line as the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the forward wave as shown in Equation 6, or the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the reflected wave as shown in Equation 7 . The round-wire geometries are loops of wire with various shapes. Online calculators will generally use Wadell's equations to determine the transmission line impedance numerically. The difference between those two values is the power that was lost in. The two most common impedances that are. Frequency. These formulas can be found in various texts and most of them are derived in the book "Inductance Calculations" by F. 6 A, respectively, determine the power factor of the delta system. Note: All. Line above plane. When you solve Maxwell's Equations for electromagnetic wave propagation, the electric field solutions look like this: E (z,t) = E * cos (γz - ωt). 05); Calculate the S-parameters of the equation-based transmission line over the frequency range 1 – 4 GHz. Does twisting a two wire open line reduce radiation. In general, it is double the odd-mode impedance, which is the value we care about for differential signaling, as it is used in high-speed PCB design. Home. This transmission line calculator calculates the impedance at input and attenuation of a given transmission line once terminated with the given load. If the ratio (L/W) is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable. The Smith chart is plotted on the complex reflection coefficient plane in two dimensions and is scaled in normalised impedance (the most common), normalised admittance or both, using different colours to distinguish between them. Calculates the characteristic impedance and per-unit-length inductance, capacitance, resistance and attenuation of transmission line geometries. You can experiment with changes to the line parameters (Nominal Zo, Nominal VF, loss coefficients K0/K1/K2) to see how the. Chemandy Electronics. In this ideal scenario, no power is lost, and the VSWR value is 1 : 1, which signifies 100% transmission of the input power from the source. Importance of the Impedance Curve / Bass Reflex Alignment. 5 – 3. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a symmetric stripline - a flat conductor between two ground planes whose distance between the conductor and the planes is the same for both reference planes. Learn how to calculate transmission line impedance for PCB design using four methods: Telegrapher's equations, experimental. The input impedance, Zin, of the shorted microstrip line is shown in Figure 3. Refer Microstrip line basics >> and Microstrip line types >>. In what does this inductance calculator differ from the rest? Dr. Common Potentiometer 18 Jun 2020 14746. Much of the diameter is taken up by the surround and mounting flange. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. To use this tool, enter the values for. The effective area, Sd, of 88. The principal of deriving the Characteristic Impedance from an OPEN and SHORT measurement is based on Transmission Lines and Networks by Walter C. uk) This is referred to as relay coordination. Instructions. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with a specific desired characteristic impedance (Z_ ext{c}) and made of parallel circular conductors of a. Transmission-Line Calculator. ϵr ϵ r = substrate dielectric. The microstrip transmission line is always routed above a large reference plane on the adjacent layer. TLDetails includes a plot function that allows you to plot the matched line loss, the true velocity factor, or the true characteristic impedance magnitude, over a frequency range of either 0. Calculate Efficiency Bandwidth Product (EBP. Nist, KQ6QV has free software for calculating arbitrary transmission line impedance, as well as transmission line equations for Mathcad 11. 1, makes the argument that a circuit with resistors, inductors, and capacitors is a good model for a transmission line. Bailey and A. A calculator is an online tool used to determine the sag and tension in overhead transmission lines. These are often known as the Z, Y and YZ Smith. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident. Dimensional units: mm inch. A signal’s wavelength is the physical distance it will propagate in the timespan of one period. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. Example Problem Find the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the lossless transmission line whose unit length of. substitute the values in the above formula. This is the second edition of Electronic Applications of the Smith Chart, written by Phillip H. Transmission-Line Calculator. Solved Example. Data conversion. A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. Transmission line loss calculator. A graphical explanation of energy flow in a practical transmission line. This calculator helps you determine the magnitude of the crosstalk that could occur on a microstrip given its dimensions and source voltage. ATLC cannot calculate Zo for conductors in an unbounded space, so the conductors must be contained within a grounded bounding surface. Suggested Products. The below step by step solved example problem may helpful for users to understand how the input values are being used in such calculations to find the ratio of load impedance matching to the transmission line or wave guide characteristic impedance (Z 0). Inductor Q Factor Calculator. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. Wire Over Plane. The Add transmission line dialog. Volume Calculator For Sphere Loudspeaker Casing. 946 for silver, or 1. The transmission lines parameters calculations should be separated from the GUI part and become a library, to ease reuse of the formula by other programs (CAD, simulators, etc. Two properties characterize the PCB dielectric materials:Edge Coupled Stripline Differential Impedance Calculator. The waveguide reverses the phase of the driver's rear output by the time it reaches the terminus, thereby reinforcing the output near the lowest resonance frequency of. Radford in Wireless World magazine. There was a cutout on the layer 2 ground plane. These values are computed as distributed (per. The propagation delay is the time a signal takes to propagate over a unit length of the transmission line. 13) indicates that there is a unique map between the normalized impedance Z(z)=ZHere's a quick line loss calculator to use Note that the simple program used for this web page gives a very close approximation for additional losses due to SWR. Height: Height of the substrate. Formulas. The transmission line calculator allows the ability to analyze and synthesize transmission line physical and electrical characteristics. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. For now let us focus on the single ended impedance. Webb ESE 470 16 Short-Line Model How we choose to model the electrical characteristics of a transmission line depends on the length of the line Short-line model: < ~80𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚 Lumped model Account only for series impedance Neglect shunt capacitance 𝐼𝐼and 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔are resistance and reactance per unit length, respectivelyThis section develops the theory of signal propagation on transmission lines. 19. The tool uses the power_lineparam function to compute the line parameters based on the geometry of. The given data. Loss of a CPW line is primarily due to dielectric, radiative, and conductor losses. Instead, the above calculator implements Wadell’s equations for stripline impedance, which can be found in his textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. Find Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator at CalcTown. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a microstrip - a flat conductor suspended over a ground plane with a dielectric between them (see diagram below). . Home; Site MapInductance of Symmetrical Three Phase Transmission Line Calculator; Line of Sight Transmission Calculator; Ruling Span of transmission line Calculator; Sag of Transmission Line with supports at different heights Calculator; Sag of Transmission Line with supports at same height Calculator; Tension in Transmission line. Terminal impedance Z term & characteristic impedance Z 0 are the key terms of this calculation. 5. There are four different types of impedance used in characterizing differential trace impedances. 0 value of the line to this point on the chart—50 Ω for a 50-Ω line, for example. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length (L) and width (W) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. The transmission line parameter calculator is a tool designated to compute characteristic line parameters give the type of the conductor and the configuration of a three-phase overhead transmission line. Altium Designer Has the Best Impedance Calculator. The process seems simple enough, since all we need is a. , electrical or optical) is typically calculated by comparing the input power to the output power and expressing the loss in decibels (dB). g. Line of Sight Calculator. Formulas are provided for each configuration. If VSWR is known, then the reflection coefficient (Γ), return loss (RL), and mismatch loss (ML) is calculated by using following formulas. To use the calculator, place values in either the velocity of propagation field or the dielectric constant field. The resistance and reactance coordinates are marked as a ratio to Z 0 ; thus a marking of 1. freq = linspace (1e9,4e9,51); sparam = sparameters. These radio frequency calculators help with unit conversion, attenuator design, antenna design, radars, and various other basic calculators. This tool is designed to calculate the correct dimensions of a microstrip patch antenna if the operating frequency and the dielectric constant of the material used, is known. All rely on the same basic components - two or more conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator).